Opioid Peptides

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Ducky
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Re: Italians eat a lot of wheat

Post by Ducky »

These 2 opioid peptides contain only four amino acids:
Glycine-Tyrosine-Tyrosine-Proline
Tyrosine-Glycine-Glycine-Tryptophane
And most of the OPs are longer than 4. So that only reduces their numbers a big deal.

Wikipedia says that even those that pass through will be further broken down.
Most peptides longer than four amino acids are not absorbed. Absorption into the intestinal absorptive cells is not the end. There, most of the peptides are broken into single amino acids.
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RRM
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Re: Italians eat a lot of wheat

Post by RRM »

Ducky wrote:most of the OPs are longer than 4. So that only reduces their numbers a big deal.
That is a hasty generalization to make.
We first need to know how much of the other OP are actually absorbed.
Two very active OP are only 5 amino acids long.
Ducky wrote:Wikipedia says that even those that pass through will be further broken down.
The key word is: "most".
Do they effect us, yes or no?
That is the question.
Ducky wrote:And do you know their name and what are they doing?
Usually they go by their amino acid sequence: GTTP and TGGT, or GlyTyrTyrPro and TyrGlyGlyTry,
but they are also referred to as Gluten Exorphin A4 and B4.S Fukodome et al
They are released from wheat gluten by pepsin and/or trypsin.
They have opioid-like activity by competitive binding to opioid receptor sites (in rat brain tissue).FR Huebner et al
The most active peptides are from the gliadin fraction of the gluten complex.
The research on opioid peptides is very young and scarce and there are very few in vivo experiments on animals, let alone humans.
Just because it works in vitro it doesnt mean it works in vivo. That is a hasty generalization to make.
They (digested gluten) work in vivo in dogs.V Schusdziarra et al
Several studies suggested a relationship with autism and schizophrenia.Calassi C et al, probably involving immune system factors.Severance EG et al Free full text
A 2014 meta-analysis (of 12 scientific studies) found that 5 biomarkers of gluten sensitivity were found to be significantly elevated in patients with psychoses. Lachance LR et al
Ducky
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Re: Italians eat a lot of wheat

Post by Ducky »

Several studies suggested a relationship with autism and schizophrenia.Calassi C et al, probably involving immune system factors.Severance EG et al Free full text
And other studies haven't found any differences.
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RRM
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Re: Italians eat a lot of wheat

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You mean no difference when autistic people are treated with a casein-free / gluten-free diet.
Thats just about the efficacy of such a diet as a treatment for autism. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder.
Of course you can cannot undo the damage done by taking away the cause.
Similarly, you cannot cure lung cancer by stopping to smoke cigarettes.

Regarding the uptake of opioid peptides in humans, this says it all:
A 2014 meta-analysis (of 12 scientific studies) found that 5 biomarkers of gluten sensitivity were found to be significantly elevated in patients with psychoses. Lachance LR et al
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RRM
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Re: Italians eat a lot of wheat

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Mass spectrometry may not detect opioid peptides in body fluids.
A novel high sensitivity ELISA method does.
Autistic children have significantly higher levels of urine circulating casomorphins (milk opioid peptides) than controls.Reichelt KL et al Free Full Text
The severity of autistic symptoms correlated with concentrations in the urine.
Casomorphins interact with opioid and serotonin receptors, the known modulators of synaptogenesis, which may set the stage for autistic disorders. Sokolov O et al

Susceptibility to autism related to opioid peptides may depend on the permeability of the intestines. Souza NC et al Shattock P et al
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Re: Italians eat a lot of wheat

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Glumorphin B5 contains five amino acids.
Gluten exorphin A5, B5 and B4 are released in the gastrointestinal tracts after ingestion of wheat gluten.Fukodome S et al
"we can demonstrate that overloading a normal person with gluten and gliadin for three days resulted in finding Glumorphin B5 in urine."
Reichelt KL et al
Glumorphin B5 can modify brain neurotransmitter release without crossing the blood-brain barrier.Fanciulli G et al
Oral administration of gluten exorphin A5 potentiates postprandial plasma insulin in rats Fukodome S et al and (gluten) in dogs.Schusdziarra V et al
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Aytundra
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Opioid peptides

Post by Aytundra »

This article is about normal mothers, and then their children and chances of psychosis.

Maternal Antibodies to Dietary Antigens and Risk for Nonaffective Psychosis in Offspring Karlsson, H et al
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A tundra where will we be without trees? Thannnks!
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RRM
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Re: Italians eat a lot of wheat

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Aytundra wrote:This article is about normal mothers, and then their children and chances of psychosis.
Very good find, Aytundra.
"High levels of anti-gliadin IgG in the maternal circulation are associated with an elevated risk for the development of a nonaffective psychosis in offspring".

From this study we may conclude that people normally have various levels of antibodies for both casein (milk) and gliadin (wheat gluten) in their blood,
which apparently do get absorbed normally.
Higher levels of antibodies for wheat-gliadin (not for casein) are associated with significantly higher risk of phsychosis in offspring.
This higher level of wheat-gluten antibodies may either be caused by increased intestinal permeability (more opioid peptides),
or by greater sensitivity to wheat-gluten.
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Re: Opioid Peptides

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In healthy adults, about 2% of undigested dietary protein is absorbed from the intestinal tract.Husby S et al In (90% of Husby S et al) healthy adults undegraded dietary antigens are absorbed after a meal (containing ovalbumin from egg whites; made up of 385 amino acids), and circulate regularly in minute amounts apparently as native protein and/or as small immune complexes, mostly containing IgG antibodies Husby S et al, and occasionally IgA antibodies. Food-specific antibodies in circulation are commonly found despite a state of clinical tolerance to that particular food.Husby S et al
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