Ducky wrote:most of the OPs are longer than 4. So that only reduces their numbers a big deal.
That is a hasty generalization to make.
We first need to know how much of the other OP are actually absorbed.
Two very active OP are only 5 amino acids long.
Ducky wrote:Wikipedia says that even those that pass through will be further broken down.
The key word is: "most".
Do they effect us, yes or no?
That is the question.
Ducky wrote:And do you know their name and what are they doing?
Usually they go by their amino acid sequence: GTTP and TGGT, or GlyTyrTyrPro and TyrGlyGlyTry,
but they are also referred to as Gluten Exorphin A4 and B4.
S Fukodome et al
They are released from wheat gluten by pepsin and/or trypsin.
They have opioid-like activity by competitive binding to opioid receptor sites (in rat brain tissue).
FR Huebner et al
The most active peptides are from the gliadin fraction of the gluten complex.
The research on opioid peptides is very young and scarce and there are very few in vivo experiments on animals, let alone humans.
Just because it works in vitro it doesnt mean it works in vivo. That is a hasty generalization to make.
They (digested gluten) work in vivo in dogs.
V Schusdziarra et al
Several studies suggested a relationship with autism and schizophrenia.
Calassi C et al, probably involving immune system factors.
Severance EG et al Free full text
A 2014 meta-analysis (of 12 scientific studies) found that 5 biomarkers of gluten sensitivity were found to be significantly elevated in patients with psychoses.
Lachance LR et al